Prijevod pomoću UI-ja.
Pojam čvrstih baterija opisuje elektrolit koji provodi ione, a ne jednu kemiju baterije. Takav pristup može omogućiti nove konstrukcije s većom gustoćom energije, no brzina punjenja, trajnost, sigurnost i cijena ovise o kompletnoj ćeliji i baterijskom sklopu.
Članak razlikuje potpuno čvrste od kvazičvrstih sustava, objašnjava proizvodne prepreke i uspoređuje dokumentirane automobilske programe. Toyotini ciljevi za 2027.–2028. i Nissanov cilj za fiskalnu 2028. ne potvrđuju istodobnu regionalnu dostupnost ni pristupačno lansiranje za masovno tržište.
Izvori17
- DOE — How batteries store and release energy
- DOE — Hops and jumps in a solid-state battery material (23 September 2026)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich — Solid-state battery material families
- Fraunhofer ISI — What will solid-state batteries be like in the future? (2022)
- Fraunhofer ISI — Solid-State Battery Roadmap 2035+ (technical report, 2022)
- DOE — Why is it so hard to make batteries smaller and lighter?
- UC San Diego researchers — Carbon-free silicon anodes with sulfide solid electrolytes
- Argonne APS — X-ray tomography of solid-state battery interfaces
- Stanford — Barrier to next-generation batteries that charge quickly
- University of Giessen — Thermal safety analysis of sulfide solid-state batteries
- Toyota — Monozukuri and solid-state battery manufacturing (2023)
- Toyota / Sumitomo Metal Mining — Cathode-material cooperation (8 October 2025)
- Toyota — Battery technology targets (13 June 2023)
- Nissan / LiCAP — ASSB electrode manufacturing (19 August 2025)
- BMW / Solid Power — All-solid-state cells in an i7 test vehicle (20 May 2025)
- Mercedes-Benz — EQS solid-state battery road tests (24 February 2025)
- Factorial — FEST and Solstice technology definitions
